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Objectives

- Understand the operational problems inherent in the flat-file approach to data management that gave rise            to the database concept.

- Understand the relationships among the defining elements of the database environment.

- Understand the anomalies caused by un normalized databases and the need for data normalization.

- Be familiar with the stages in database design, including  entity identification, data modeling, constructing the physical database, and preparing user views.

- Be familiar with the operational features of distributed databases and recognize the issues  that need to be  considered in deciding on a particular database configuration.